antonio franco

An electric motor is a device that can transform electrical energy into movement

Electromagnetic generators transform mechanical energy into electricity. There are two types of generators dynamos and alternators. Dynamos A dynamo consist of a magnet and a rotary coil, The coil is located between the two poles of the magnet.  The ends of the coil have two semi-circular conductors, with form the conmutator. These conductors are attached to carbon brushes, wich in turn are connected to electrical wires. When electricity is applied to the coil, it rotates and begins to generate direct current in the coil. Alternator A simple alternator is almost identical to a dynamo, except for the comnutator, wich consist of two metallic rings conected to carbon brushes. instead of direct current this produces alternating current.

Inside a fluorescent tube, there is a metalic filament, normally made of tungsten. There is also an inert gas, such as argon, and a small amount of mercury. When an electric current passes through the filament, electrons are emited  into the inert gas.

 When an electric current passes through the metalic filament of a light bulb, it produces light: It is callled incandescense

The energy that an electric current produce as heat is called the joule effect. It is expressed by the following formula: E=(IxI)xRxT

 There is an important diference between alternating and direct current. Alternating current can be modified by a transformer. This allows us to transfer electrical energy at very high voltage  and over hundred of km, without losing any energy as heat. Transformer consist of two winding made of copper wire. If we apply an alternating current to one of them, it will produce a certain voltage in the other.  V1/V2=N1/N2

 when we connect  a lamp to a socket, the result is the same as with a battery: The bulb ligths up. However, the electrons behave in very different way in this case. The flow of electrons  changes directions 50 times every second, as if the positive  and negative poles of the socket were constantly changin places.

Between the terminals of a bettery, there is a continous, stable flow of energy. If we use a voltmeter to mesure the current, the result will always be 12 volts . This is called direct current.

Series circuit         Two or more elements form a series circuit when the output of one element provides the input for the next element.     In the following diagram, the same current flows through all the elements, and the voltage is the sum of the tensions at the end of each element.          To calculate the total resistance of a circuit, we add the resistance values of each load: R=R1+R2+R3... Parallel circuit  In a parallel circuit, tha various components share the same input and output. The equivalent resistance of this type of circuit would be: 1/R= 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3+... If you put more batteries the intensity is the same Combination circuit   A combination circuit has some elements connected in series an other in parallel. In this type of circuit, the current remains constant  between elements that are connected in series.  

Here are two types of thermal power station: THERMAL POWER STATION THAT USE FOSSIL FUELS. This type of power stations use fossil fuels for generate thermal energy, for after convert the thermal energy into mechanical energy. Thermal power stations works with coal, oil and natural gas that heat wáter in a boiler. In the boiler turns aturbine connected to the rotor of a generator. The energy produced by the generator is transported by a network of high voltage power lines. The steam goes to a condenser, where it cools and becomes liquid wáter. Finally, the water is pumped back to the boiler. Combined-cycle power stations. In cogeneration power stations, electricity is generated in two systems. The first, burns natural gas with compressed air, and then it produces superheated gases, which turn a turbine to generate electricity. The second uses the previous hot gases and uses them to produce steam in a heat recover boiler. Finally the steam turns a turbine to generate more electricity. Thi...

This type of power stations use nuclear reactors, that uses radioactive material (specially isotopes of uranium), to produce heat.  Nuclear power stations produce a lot of energy that we can sold at a profit, but, in these power stations happens many accidents and storage of radioactive waste.

It is a form of energy that is transported by an electrical current. Electricity is the most useful in the world for two reasons: -It can be transformed into other types of energy so better than others. -It can be transported over long distances cheapest and more efficient. ELECTRIC POWER STATIONS. A power station is a place when energy from natural resources is transfromed in the energy that we may use. Depends of the energy we will generate , recives a name or another. How the electricity is generated? If we want transform the energy into electricity, we usegenerators and if generators are used in power stations ,are called alternators. An alternator is make up by a stator and a rotor. The rotor has an even numbers of coils that receive direct current. They produce an electromagnetic field . Aturbine turns the axis of the rotor and generate electric current. This system is used at all power stations except for photovoltaic stations.

Power stations, usually, are place in zones far than the áreas where we use the electricity for safety reasons, for need space or for geographical features. Electrical energy cannot be stored. There re many steps in the progress of transportation of energy: 1 Raising the voltage:  the voltage is raised ,by transformers to high voltajes, because the electricity must go over large distances. 2 High voltage lines:  the routes that the towers where are intalled the lines are carefully planned. 3 Reducing the voltage:  The substations ,which are installed between the high voltage lines and final consumers, use Transformers to reduce the power to lower voltages. 4  Finally the power is distributed to buildings, industries and public installations. Te electric lines are installed in posts or underground. The voltage is reduced, depending on the final consume.

Energy sources are natural resources that we can use for generate different forms of energy and we can transform that energy for various purposes. We can classify into two general categories : NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES. They come from natural resources that are limite and can be exhausted, and it would take million years to regenerate. They are the most commonly used energy sources. They include fossil fuels and nuclear energy, which u ses radioactive materials, such as uraniumials, such as uranium

Energy is the capacity of a body to perform transformations and do work -Form of enery                                         - Description Potential                                    Associated with the height of an object above the grand. Kinetic                                     The energy of physical movement Mechanical                              The sum of potential and kinetic energy Sound                                      The energy of sond waves,which are produced by vibrations Electrical           ...

Form of energy Potential: Associated with the heigt of an bject above the ground. kinetic: The energy of physical movement Mechanical: The sum of potential kinetic energy Sound: The energy of sound waves Electrical: The product of an electrical current Nuclear: The energy in the nucleus of an atom Luminous: Associated with ligth Thermal: Associated with the movement of particles in a matter Chemical: Results from the formation or descomposition of substances Electromagnetic: Occurs when electrical current create magnetic fields

Food label provide us information about the nutritional cuantities of the food we eat. Thanks of tgis data, we know the energy we'll get if we consume it. Every day we get up, get dressed, go to school, study, do projects and play sports. All this things are possible thanks to the energy that we obtain from food. Energy is the capacity of a body to perform transformation and do work.